{"id":1260,"date":"2020-07-02T11:46:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T08:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/?p=1260"},"modified":"2023-12-05T00:36:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T21:36:15","slug":"adige-dilbiliminin-setenay-guasesi-cerase-zeynep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/adige-dilbiliminin-setenay-guasesi-cerase-zeynep\/","title":{"rendered":"ADIGE D\u0130LB\u0130L\u0130M\u0130N\u0130N SETENAY GUA\u015eES\u0130 \u00c7ERA\u015eE ZEYNEP"},"content":{"rendered":"<strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge\u2019de dil bilimi alan\u0131nda iki b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insan\u0131 yeti\u015fti. Biri Ad\u0131ge Dil Biliminin temelini atan A\u015fhamafe Davut (Do\u00e7ent), di\u011feri de \u015fimdiki Ad\u0131ge Dil Biliminin kurucusu \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep (Profes\u00f6r). Ad\u0131ge Dili alan\u0131nda y\u00fczden fazla makalesi ve ilkokuldan ba\u015flayarak \u00fcniversitede okutulan ders kitaplar\u0131na kadar onlarca kitab\u0131 bulunan \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, dil bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en zor ve en \u00f6nemli iki i\u015fi birden ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan biri Hatane Abdul ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u2019A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 Ad\u0131gece S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u2019\u2019, di\u011feri de Georgiy Vissarionovi\u00e7 Gorava ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u2019Ad\u0131ge Dili\u2019nin Grameri\u2019\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p>Dolay\u0131siyle bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n birinci amac\u0131, Ad\u0131ge Dil Bilimi\u2019nin kurucusu \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019i T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ad\u0131ge Dili ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan ki\u015filere, \u00f6\u011frencilere ve dil bilimi uzmanlar\u0131na tan\u0131tmak; ikinci amac\u0131m\u0131z da, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maykop\u2019ta yap\u0131lan VI.Uluslararas\u0131 Kafkasologlar Kolokyumu\u2019nda \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in sundu\u011fu ve Ad\u0131ge Dil Bilimi\u2019ne y\u00f6nelik olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de g\u00fcncelli\u011fini koruyan sorunlar\u0131n dile getirildi\u011fi bildiriyi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye kazand\u0131rarak ilgililerin bilgisine sunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/strong>Ad\u0131ge Dil bilimi, Ad\u0131ge Dili, Ad\u0131ge Dili Grameri, Ad\u0131ge Filolojisi, Ad\u0131ge Devlet \u00dcniversitesi, Tiflis Devlet \u00dcniversitesi, \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, A\u015fhamafe Davut, Arnold Stepanovi\u00e7 \u00c7ikobava, Georgiy Vissarionovi\u00e7 Gorava.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in Biyografisi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>24 Haziran 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Ko\u015fehable k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fdu. Ad\u0131ge Devlet \u00d6\u011fretmen Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019den 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda mezun oldu. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki Tiflis Devlet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Kafkas Dilleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u00fcksek lisans ve doktora programlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131. Tez konusu \u201cAd\u0131ge Dilinin \u015eaps\u0131\u011f Diyalekti\u2019nin \u00d6zellikleri\u201d idi (1953).<\/p>\n<p>1954-1964 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ad\u0131ge Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Dil B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde ve 1976-1992 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da Ad\u0131ge Devlet Pedagoji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde dil ve edebiyat dersleri verdi. Bu Enstit\u00fc\u2019deki Ad\u0131ge Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. 1993\u2019ten itibaren de Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyetinde ilk kad\u0131n filoloji bilimleri doktorudur (1969). 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda profes\u00f6r olan Zeynep Uluslararas\u0131 Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesiydi. (1995).<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in bilimsel toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemesinden, e\u011fitim\u2013\u00f6\u011fretimde ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal i\u015fleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinden dolay\u0131 kendisine Devlet Ni\u015fan\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok madalya verilmi\u015ftir. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Y\u00fcksek Kurul \u00dcyesi, Halk Vekilleri ve B\u00f6lge Sovyeti Milletvekili idi. 19 \u015eubat 1998 tarihinde 74 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fama veda etti.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyetinde dilbilimi alan\u0131nda iki b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insan\u0131 yeti\u015fti. Biri Ad\u0131ge Dil Bilimi\u2019nin temelini atan A\u015fhamafe Davut (Do\u00e7ent), di\u011feri de \u015fimdiki Ad\u0131ge Dil Bilimi\u2019nin kurucusu \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep (Profes\u00f6r). \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, A\u015fhamafe Davut\u2019un \u00f6\u011frencisiydi. Hocas\u0131 ile \u00f6\u011frencisi farkl\u0131 dil okulu (\u00e7evresi)\u2019ndand\u0131. A\u015fhamafe Davut Moskova Dil Okulu, \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep Tiflis Dil Okulu \u00fcyesi idiler. Dil bilimine y\u00f6nelik iki farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ad\u0131ge dilinin problemlerini \u00e7\u00f6zme konusunda ortak karar alabiliyor, Hoca ve \u00d6\u011frenci yerine g\u00f6re yer de\u011fi\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, bilim insan\u0131, e\u011fitimci A\u015fhamafe Davut\u2019un yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kafkas Dil Biliminin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim insanlar\u0131 Arnold Stepanovi\u00e7 \u00c7ikobava, Georgiy Vissarionovi\u00e7 Gorava, Ketevan Vissarionovi\u00e7 Lomtatidze ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan ders ald\u0131. \u00c7er\u015fa\u015fe Zeynep, Arnold \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n en sevdi\u011fi \u00f6\u011frencilerden biriydi. Zeynep hocas\u0131n\u0131n evine gidip gelirdi ve \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fi Tamara taraf\u0131ndan da g\u00f6zetilirdi. Dolay\u0131siyle Tifliste ona \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 derlerdi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019i \u00fcnl\u00fc k\u0131lan sadece \u00fcniversite hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, Moskova\u2019da ve Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyetlerindeki dil bilim insanlar\u0131 ile olan yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri, birlikte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler ve \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc problemlerdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015flerde Zeynep d\u00fczenleyici olarak yer ald\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece Ad\u0131ge dil bilimi insanlar\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131. 1950\u2018li y\u0131llardan itibaren bug\u00fcne kadar Ad\u0131ge dil biliminin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in bilimsel ki\u015fili\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan t\u00fcm bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6b\u00fcr \u00fclkelere de ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. G\u00fcrcistan, Almanya, Fransa, Hollanda\u2019da konferanslar vermesi, eserlerinin bas\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Avrupa\u2019daki Kafkas dilbilimi toplulu\u011funun i\u00e7inde Zeynep de vard\u0131. \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyetinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u00fcm Rusya\u2019da ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde de iyi tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Davur Hazret ile birlikte Filoloji Fak\u00fcltesinin Ad\u0131ge Dili B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurdu. \u00c7era\u015fe Tembot ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ayr\u0131ca Ad\u0131ge Filolojisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn on y\u0131llarca ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1954-1955 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ad\u0131gey \u00d6\u011fretmen Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde okuyan bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6\u011frencinin Ad\u0131ge Dili \u00d6\u011fretmeni olarak yeti\u015ftirilmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00f6\u011frencileri yeti\u015ftirenler aras\u0131nda \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep de vard\u0131. Ad\u0131ge dil bilimi yolunu se\u00e7en \u00f6\u011frencilere Anadilin g\u00fczelli\u011fini hissettirmek istiyordu. \u00d6zellikle bu dili derinlemesine \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyenleri kendi etraf\u0131na toplayarak, b\u0131kmadan, yorulmadan onlarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemenin nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk olarak bu gruba \u00f6\u011fretti. Bu ilk grup Ad\u0131ge Dil Bilimi\u2019nin p\u0131nar\u0131 oldu. Bu grupta olan ki\u015filer, filoloji alan\u0131nda, zamanla doktor, do\u00e7ent ve profes\u00f6r oldular.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm Kafkasya\u2019da ve Avrupa\u2019da bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131r ve sayg\u0131 duyulurdu. Kat\u0131l\u0131m ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplulukta konu\u015fabilirdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insanlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p konu\u015furken onu Nartlar\u2019\u0131n Setenay Gua\u015fe\u2019si san\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z. Setenay Gua\u015fe Nartlar\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ak\u0131l hocas\u0131 idiyse \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep de pek \u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131l hocas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bu i\u015flerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra periyodik bilimsel dergiler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor, yard\u0131mc\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131yor, Kafkas dillerini ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tan\u0131mlamaya ili\u015fkin bilimsel konferanslar\u0131 Maykop\u2019ta d\u00fczenliyordu. Kendisi de ba\u015fka Cumhuriyetlerde d\u00fczenlenen konferanslara da aktif olarak kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki e\u011fitim- \u00f6\u011fretim kurulunda, Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki Ad\u0131ge Dili Komitesi\u2019nde ve Ad\u0131ge alfabeleri ile yaz\u0131 dillerini yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma komitesinde yer ald\u0131. S\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, bilim ve e\u011fitim ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk g\u00fcnlerden bu yana, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca Ad\u0131ge dilinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretilmesine ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn toplant\u0131larda \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Dil bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemli iki i\u015f vard\u0131r ki bunlardan biri s\u00f6zl\u00fck di\u011feri de gramer haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r. \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in Hatane Abdullah ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fck hem Ad\u0131ge dili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem de Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyetindeki bilimsel ve toplumsal ya\u015fam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, s\u00f6zl\u00fck biliminin tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flerden biridir. 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maykop\u2019ta bas\u0131lan bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck 696 sayfadan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. S\u00f6zl\u00fck biliminin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alarak olu\u015fturulan bu s\u00f6zl\u00fckte Ad\u0131ge dilinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler yer ald\u0131. S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda, belirlenmi\u015f standartlar ile s\u00f6zl\u00fck bilimi alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa yap\u0131lan i\u015fin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6yle bir i\u015fi ba\u015farmak bilimsel bilginin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra cesaret de ister A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 Ad\u0131gece S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda uyulacak kurallar A.S. \u00c7ikobava (Prof.), G.V Gorava (Prof.) ve \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep (Do\u00e7.) birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Yeni bir a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 Ad\u0131gece S\u00f6zl\u00fck haz\u0131rlan\u0131ncaya kadar (2010) bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Hala da kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge Dilinin Grameri yine \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep taraf\u0131ndan hocas\u0131 G.V. Rogava ile birlikte haz\u0131rlanarak 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gramer kitab\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar daha iyi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir gramer kitab\u0131 da yoktur. Ad\u0131ge Dili alan\u0131nda y\u00fczden fazla makalesi ve ilkokuldan ba\u015flayarak \u00fcniversitede okutulan ders kitaplar\u0131na kadar onlarca kitab\u0131 bulunan \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, dil bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en zor ve en \u00f6nemli i\u015fleri ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da bilimsel ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00f6zetlenen \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep\u2019in, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maykop\u2019ta d\u00fczenlenen Avrupal\u0131 Kafkasologlar Kolokyumunda sundu\u011fu dil bilimine ili\u015fkin ve ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn problemlerine de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan makalesi bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n yazar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>ANAD\u0130L HALKIN CANIDIR-K\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130D\u0130R<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kafkasya d\u00fcnyadaki enteresan yerlerden biridir. \u00c7ok eskiden beri da\u011flarda gizlenmi\u015f, vadilerde ve \u0131rmak kenarlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok dilli, genetik olarak birbirlerine yak\u0131n akraba olan insan topluluklar\u0131 Kafkasya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerden olup Kafkasya\u2019ya dola\u015fmaya gelenlerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n dillerinin say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00e7oktu. S\u00f6zgelimi, Strabon, Pliny ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, farkl\u0131 diller konu\u015fan topluluklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 300 kadar oluyor ve bunlar\u0131n temsilcileri ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin t\u00fcccarlar\u0131yla ticaret yapmak i\u00e7in Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda toplan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Kafkas co\u011frafyas\u0131 iki taraftan da \u2013 do\u011fudan ve bat\u0131dan- Hazar ve Karadeniz ile \u00e7evrilidir. Bundan dolay\u0131 Kafkas co\u011frafyas\u0131 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Kuzeybat\u0131\u2019da yer alan devletler (\u00fclkeler) i\u00e7in bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcyd\u00fc. Karadeniz\u2019den deniz yoluyla veya karadan farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlere giden yollarla Kafkasya\u2019daki \u00e7e\u015fitli halklar ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere gidiyorlard\u0131. Onlar d\u00fcnyada olan bitenden haberdard\u0131lar. Baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne de kat\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, ilgin\u00e7, imrenilecek ve d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yerlerden biri olarak Kafkasya da say\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n da yaz\u0131n da tepelerinden bembeyaz karlar\u0131 eksik olmayan y\u00fcksek da\u011flardan \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dereler birbirlerine kar\u0131\u015farak, ha\u015fin \u0131rmaklar, nehirler olurlar ve Kafkas ovalar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu suyu ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Yemye\u015fil, ye\u015filin her tonuna sahip Kafkas ormanlar\u0131 av hayvanlar\u0131 ile doludur. \u0130nsanlar, yaz aylar\u0131nda, da\u011flar\u0131n yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunan otlaklarda \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00c7erkes atlar\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerini besliyorlard\u0131. Ad\u0131geler, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, en \u00e7ok bu\u011fday ve arpay\u0131, Kafkas ovalar\u0131nda ve g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6ren da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Bereketli topraklar\u0131 imrenen pek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fman ordular\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019ya h\u00fccum ediyordu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok eski zamanlardan ba\u015flayarak Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n kat etti\u011fi \u00e7ok uzun yol, mensubu oldu\u011fu halk\u0131n, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ileti\u015fim i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n, \u00fcrettikleri eserlerin izleri Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131n\u0131n dilinde farkl\u0131 izler b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Ad\u0131ge dilinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil grubunun da \u2013\u0130ber-Kafkas dilleri olarak isimlendirilen grubu\u2013 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131ndan itibaren ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kafkas dilleri olarak isimlendirilenlerin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc edecek olursak, bu dillerin durumlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak, ne olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak gerekir. Bu b\u00f6lgenin dillerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, olu\u015fumu, birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkileri ve dillerin bi\u00e7imi ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lki eski Kafkas dilidir. Onlar tek bir dilden t\u00fcremi\u015f olup olu\u015fumlar\u0131 itibariyle k\u00f6ken olarak birbirine akrabad\u0131r. \u0130kinci gruptakiler farkl\u0131 zamanlarda Kafkasya\u2019ya gelen halklar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dildir. \u0130kinci gruba giren diller ile bizim dillerimizin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve olu\u015fumu hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Eski Kafkas dilleri i\u00e7inde bunlar yer almamaktad\u0131r. Onlar ba\u015fka dil gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rlar. S\u00f6zgelimi Kara\u00e7ayca, Balkarca, Azerice, Kumuk\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Asetince v.b.<\/p>\n<p>Bir terim olarak \u201cKafkas Dilleri\u201d terimini, ilk defa 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dilbilimine sokan Nikolay Sergeyevi\u00e7 Trubetskoy\u2019d\u0131r. Fakat eski Kafkas dillerinden olup bir k\u00f6kten (dilden) \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n di\u011ferlerine kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara \u0130ber \u2013Kafkas dilleri denmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130ber- eski \u00e7a\u011flarda G\u00fcrc\u00fcler (Ad\u0131geler Gurc\u0131 \u2018\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0436\u2019 diyor) b\u00f6yle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Kafkasyay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bilim dallar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Biz bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Ad\u0131ge dilinin (\u00c7erkes\u00e7e) di\u011fer Kafkas dillerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. \u0130ber- Kafkas dilleri \u00fczerine s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylenecek olursa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim insanlar\u0131ndan olup Kafkas Dilbilimi\u2019nin temellerini at\u0131p bu yap\u0131y\u0131 kuranlardan s\u00f6z etmemek hem m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil hem de do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Yabanc\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Georges Dum\u00e9zil, Julius Von Meszaros, Georg Voigt, Nikolai Sergeyevi\u00e7 Trubetzkoy, Gerhard Deeters, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada tan\u0131n\u0131rlar ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer verirler.<\/p>\n<p>Dilbilimi d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn dilleri olu\u015fumuna g\u00f6re grup grup ya da farkl\u0131 dil aileleri olarak d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bu dil gruplar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesine genel s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma denilmektedir. Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenledikleri ve \u00fczerinde anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 genel s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya, yeni bir dil grubu olarak \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerini bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya sokan, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Arnold Stepanovi\u00e7 \u00c7ikobava\u2019d\u0131r. Sadece bizim \u00fclkemizde de\u011fil, d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn dil ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 Arnold \u00c7ikobava\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 duymakta ve ad\u0131ndan \u00f6vg\u00fc ile s\u00f6z etmektedirler. Bu sayg\u0131, onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flerden dolay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ekim devriminden sonra Akademisyen Nikolay Yakovlevi\u00e7 Marr \u00fclkemizin dilbilimi alan\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yola s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerini ve dil ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kabul etti\u011fi y\u00f6ntemleri bir tarafa iterek \u00fclkemizin e\u011fitimli insanlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llarca \u00e7aresiz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nikolay Marr ve onun destek\u00e7ilerinin se\u00e7tikleri \u2013kaba bir sosyolojik y\u00f6ntem olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan\u2013 y\u00f6ntemi, Sovyet dil bilimcilerinin terk etme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktu. Bu y\u00f6ntem ayn\u0131 zamanda Ad\u0131ge dil ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na da b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar verdi.<\/p>\n<p>Arnold \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenci iken ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ckar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 tarihsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d yolunu 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar dil bilimine soktu. Arnold \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin diyalektleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 8 cilt olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bunun gibi Kafkas dilleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve de\u011ferlendirmelere ili\u015fkin pek \u00e7ok kitap yay\u0131mlad\u0131. \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerini konu\u015fanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Arnold \u00c7ikobava taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle burada belirtmek gerekir. Onlar dil bilimi alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insan\u0131 oldular ve Kafkasya d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinde ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Arnold \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler onun e\u011fitti\u011fi ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmektedir. Bizim Ad\u0131ge Halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitiminde de onlar\u0131n deste\u011fi ve g\u00f6zetimi devam etmektedir. Gen\u00e7lerimiz Tiflis\u2019teki \u00dcniversite ve Konservatuvar\u2019dan mezun olmakta. \u00dcnl\u00fc ressamlar\u0131m\u0131z ile halk danslar\u0131 toplulu\u011fumuzun de\u011ferli dans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda orada e\u011fitim g\u00f6renler var. Dolay\u0131siyle, sadece e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr-sanat alan\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131nda Arnold \u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n halk\u0131m\u0131za yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyilikler \u00e7oktur ve onu unutmamam\u0131z gerekir. O, Kafkasya\u2019da e\u011fitimin ve bilimin geli\u015fmesine ve ilerlemesine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Tifliste bulunan \u00dcniversitenin Kafkas Dilleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Georgiy Vissaranovi\u00e7 Rogava Ad\u0131ge dilinin b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 idi. O, ilk defa kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 tarihsel metodu Ad\u0131ge diline uygulad\u0131. Ad\u0131ge dilinin (Bat\u0131 \u201cAd\u0131gey\u201d ve Do\u011fu \u201cKabartay\u201d diyalektleri) ilgin\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 saptam\u0131\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6teki \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerinden biri olan Ad\u0131ge dilinin tuttu\u011fu yeri ve o dil grubundan oldu\u011funu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Tarih\u00e7i, e\u011fitimci, iyi e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f Negume \u015eore\u2019nin bize b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerden dolay\u0131 Ad\u0131ge Halk\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck gurur duymaktad\u0131r. Anadilinin gramerini olu\u015fturmada Negume \u015eore\u2019nin katk\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle Ad\u0131geler Kafkasya\u2019daki di\u011fer halklar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7tiler. Anadilimizin gramerini 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Negume \u015eore yazd\u0131. Fakat Negume\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gramer bas\u0131lamad\u0131 ve o devirde Ad\u0131gelerin e\u011fitiminde kullan\u0131lamad\u0131. Gramerin el yaz\u0131m\u0131 bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 Akademisyen Fran\u00e7ois Bernard Charmoy Fransa\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00dczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci el yaz\u0131m\u0131 gramer Sovyetler d\u00f6nemine yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. Ancak yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden 100 y\u0131l gibi bir zaman ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen bu eserin nerede oldu\u011fu bilinemedi ve kayboldu. El yaz\u0131m\u0131 bir ikinci kopyan\u0131n \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olan fotokopisine uygun olarak Negume \u015eore\u2019nin gramer kitab\u0131 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131ld\u0131. Buna benzer ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemi olan birka\u00e7 el yaz\u0131m\u0131 eserin ak\u0131beti konusunda bug\u00fcne kadar Ad\u0131ge Dilbilimi bir sonu\u00e7 elde edemedi.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insan\u0131 Nikolai Sergeyevi\u00e7 Trubetzkoy da Dilbiliminin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan Fonoloji\u2019ye ili\u015fkin \u201c\u00c7erkes Dilbiliminin Foneti\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 eseri yazd\u0131. Devrim\u2019den sonra (1917 Ekim Devrimi) N.S. Trubetskoy Rusya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nmedi. Ad\u0131ge Dilinin Foneti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu el yaz\u0131m\u0131 eserinin de bug\u00fcne kadar nerede oldu\u011fu bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dilinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck emek sarfeden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f dilbilimci A\u015fhamafe Davut\u2019un el yaz\u0131m\u0131 \u201cAd\u0131ge Dilinin Foneti\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 eseri Ad\u0131ge Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ar\u015fivlerinde art\u0131k yok, o da kayboldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan Ad\u0131ge Dilinin b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan olup ayn\u0131 zamanda Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131ndan olan A\u015fhamafe Davut, Yelberd Hasan, Tsa\u011fo Nuri gibilerine gerekli sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermiyor ve yeteri kadar de\u011fer vermiyoruz. Bundan dolay\u0131 di\u011fer halklarda, bizim bilim insan\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n adlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmeden, onlarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n hepsini \u00f6vmekte, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca onlar yapm\u0131\u015f gibi y\u00fcceltmekte ve de\u011fer vermekteler. Bize bunu s\u00f6yleten husus A\u015fhamafe Davut\u2019tan kalan el yazmalar\u0131na yeterli de\u011feri ve sayg\u0131y\u0131 vermemenin g\u00fccenikli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu son y\u0131llarda Ad\u0131ge dilinin \u00f6\u011frenimi konusunda, ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin e\u011fitimli ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bilim insanlar\u0131 ciddi olarak e\u011filmekteler. Onlardan Frans\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Catherine Paris, Hollandal\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 Aert Hendrik Kuipers, Rieks Smeets Alman bilim insanlar\u0131 Dieter Michael Job, Monika H\u00f6hlig, Kanadal\u0131 bilim insan\u0131 John Colarusso, \u0130sve\u00e7li Karina Vamling ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan Ad\u0131gelerden olup, Ad\u0131ge dilbilimi alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara \u015eevket M\u00fcft\u00fc (Habjoko) ve Yed\u0131\u00e7 Bat\u0131ray da dahildir. Yed\u0131\u00e7 Bat\u0131ray\u2019\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 eski Nart s\u00f6ylenceleri, Ad\u0131ge Destan\u0131 ve Mitolojide ge\u00e7en isimlere ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dilinin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Rusya\u2019da; Moskova, Nal\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00c7erkesk\u2019te, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da Tiflis\u2019te olduk\u00e7a ileri bir d\u00fczeyde devam etmektedir. Her \u015fehirde pek \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 var: Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcleri, \u00dcniversiteler ya da \u00d6\u011fretmen E\u011fitimi Enstit\u00fcleri, \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin bilgi ve g\u00f6rg\u00fclerini art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik Enstit\u00fcler ve ba\u015fka kurumlar.<\/p>\n<p>Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ad\u0131ge dili alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak gen\u00e7ler Ad\u0131ge Devlet \u00d6\u011fretmen Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde e\u011fitilmektedir. Otuz y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcredir Ad\u0131ge dilini ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 okutacak olanlar Enstit\u00fcde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. \u00dc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc Ulusal (Ad\u0131ge) Fak\u00fcltenin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l olmaktad\u0131r. Her b\u00f6l\u00fcmde 75 ki\u015fi okumaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitimini tamamlayan bir grup, \u00e7ocuklara anadilini \u00f6\u011fretecek, di\u011fer bir grup da okuma-yazma, matematik ve hayata ili\u015fkin bilgileri ilkokulda \u00f6\u011fretecekler. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc gruptakiler de ortaokulda \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6rev yapacaklar. \u00d6\u011frenciler, Ad\u0131ge dilini ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 derinlemesine \u00f6\u011frenecekler. Bu y\u0131l ilk defa, gazeteci olarak anadilinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olanlar\u0131 da Fak\u00fclteye alacaklar.<\/p>\n<p>Her e\u011fitim alan\u0131n\u0131n (disiplinin) farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131 var. Kafkas dilbiliminin var olan temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra muhtelif alanlar\u0131 da Arnold \u00c7ikobava taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015ftir. Daha \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken konular\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur: Dilbilimi, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi, Pratik ve Pragmatik Uygulamalar veya farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde belirtecek olursak halk\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131nda kullanaca\u011f\u0131 hususlara ili\u015fkin konular.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ikobava\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu yoldan giderek Ad\u0131ge dilbiliminin \u00e7\u00f6zmesi gereken problemlerden k\u0131saca s\u00f6z edelim. \u00d6ncelikli olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn dillerin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran ve belirleyen dilbiliminin, Ad\u0131ge dilbilimine getirece\u011fi yarar\u0131 belirlemek ve g\u00f6stermek gerekir. Belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Ad\u0131ge dili eski \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerinden biridir. Ad\u0131ge dilinin yap\u0131s\u0131, bi\u00e7imi ile sisteminde kalan baz\u0131 eski \u00f6rneklerin, D\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n dillerinin nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve tarihsel yolculu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmede yarar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Anadilimizde dilbilimi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok de\u011ferli, ayn\u0131 zamanda ilgin\u00e7 pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge dilindeki \u00fcns\u00fcz (sessiz) ve \u00fcnl\u00fc (sesli) sesler basit ve son derece do\u011fald\u0131r. S\u00f6zgelimi \u015eaps\u0131\u011f diyalektinde 80\u2019den fazla \u00fcns\u00fcz vard\u0131r. \u00dcnl\u00fc sesler ise sadece \u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Seslerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 di\u011fer dillerden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 Kafkas ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti; Otun yeti\u015febilece\u011fi yerleri tespit etmek Ad\u0131ge dilinin seslerini tespit etmekten daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Seslerin dile nas\u0131l girdi\u011fini Ad\u0131ge dili g\u00f6sterebilmektedir. S\u00f6zgelimi \u015eaps\u0131\u011f diyalektinde olan sesler, g,k,k\u2019 (\u0433\u044c, \u043a\u044c, \u043a\u04c0\u044c) gane (\u0433\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d -g\u00f6mlek), ki (\u043a\u044c\u044b -ince a\u011fa\u00e7 dal\u0131),k\u2019ak\u2019e (\u043a\u04c0\u044c\u0430\u043a\u04c0\u044c\u044d -yumurta). \u00c7emguy, bjedu\u011f diyalektinde c,\u00e7,\u00e7\u2019 (\u0434\u0436, \u0447, \u043a\u04c0) (\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u044d, \u0447\u044b, \u043a\u04c0\u044d\u043d\u043a\u04c0\u044d) olmakta. Bunun gibi \u015faps\u0131\u011f diyalektinde \u00e7e \u00ab\u0447\u044d\u00bb, \u00c7emguy diyalektinde \u015fe \u00ab\u0449\u044d\u00bb; \u00c7emguy diyalektinde \u2014 \u00e7\u2019ale \u00ab\u043a\u04c0\u0430\u043b\u044d\u00bb, Kabartay diyalektinde \u2014 \u015f\u2019ale \u00ab\u0448\u04c0\u0430\u043b\u044d\u00bb olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dilinin b\u00fct\u00fcn diyalektleri ele al\u0131nacak olursa, son zamanlarda dile giren seslerin nereden geldi\u011fi de ayd\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r. Ad\u0131gelerin alt gruplar\u0131n\u0131n (Abzah, \u015eaps\u0131\u011f\u2026vb.) konu\u015fmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, seslerin nereden t\u00fcredi\u011fi (hangi alt gruptan) ve onlarda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimler, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesafeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dili Abhaz dili ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa \u201cismin hallerinin\u201d (padej) kategorisinin dile eklendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. Abhaz dilinde isimler hal eki (padej) almamakta ve de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir. Abhaz dilinde hal eki yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dilinde isimler hal ekleri ile de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat hal ekleri olmayan baz\u0131 isimler halen dilde \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u0427\u044d\u043c \u043b\u044a\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0448\u043a\u04c0\u044d \u044b\u0443\u043a\u04c0\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043f\u201d (\u0433\u0443\u0449.)- (\u0130nek aya\u011f\u0131 buza\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmez) (Atas\u00f6z\u00fc) \u2014 (Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r): \u0447\u044d\u043c \u043b\u044a\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e (\u043c) \u0448\u043a\u04c0\u044d (\u0440) \u044b\u0443\u043a\u04c0\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 (Ad\u0131ge) diyalekti, Do\u011fu (Kabartay) diyalektine g\u00f6re hal eklerinin yerine getirdi\u011fi g\u00f6revler olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131r. H\u00e2l eklerinin Ad\u0131ge diline yeni girdi\u011fini h\u00e2l eklerinin kendisi ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Nominatif ve egrativ h\u00e2l ekleri \u0440 (r) ve-\u043c (m)\u2019dir. Bu temel bi\u00e7im Bat\u0131 diyalektinde isimlerin \u201cbelirtme\u201d eki ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r: \u201c\u0447\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044b-\u0440\u201c \u0435 \u201c\u0447\u044a\u044b\u0433 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d\u201d. Belirtme kategorilerindeki ikinci fonksiyon da Bat\u0131 diyalektinde kullan\u0131lmakta- hal eki ile de g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Do\u011fu (Kabartay) diyalektinin, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, hal ekinin fonksiyonu, belirtme fonksiyonunu bask\u0131lamaktad\u0131r (belirtme kategorisi dilden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor). H\u00e2l ekleri kategorisi Do\u011fu (Kabartay) diyalektinde daha kuvvetli ve yayg\u0131n olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Ad\u0131ge diyalektlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ismin hal eklerinin kategorisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve dilde nas\u0131l sa\u011flam bir bi\u00e7imde k\u00f6k sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir. Dolay\u0131siyle Genel Dilbilimi alan\u0131nda var olan baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde Ad\u0131ge dili yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi yine birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek verelim;<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dilinin yap\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00f6zc\u00fckler yal\u0131n halde veya egrativ halde olabilmektedir. (\u043aI\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0445\u044d, ay \u043a\u04c0\u0430\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0442\u0445\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0440 \u0435\u0442\u0445\u044b.) Egrativ yap\u0131 di\u011fer dil ailelerinin \u00f6zelli\u011fi de\u011fildir. Buna benzer c\u00fcmle yap\u0131s\u0131 sadece \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerinde vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge dilinde isimler, sorulan soruya g\u00f6re iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cNe\u201d (\u0441\u044b\u0434?) ve \u201ckim\u201d (\u0445\u044d\u0442?) sorular\u0131n\u0131n cevaplar\u0131na g\u00f6re: Ne g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsun? (\u0441\u044b\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u0440?)- \u0130nek, a\u011fa\u00e7, kurt, ev (\u0427\u044d\u043c\u044b, \u0447\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044b, \u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a\u044b, \u0443\u043d\u044d); Gelininizin nesi oldu? (\u0421\u044b\u0434 \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440?)- K\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu (\u041f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0439). Cins isimlerin grubuna giren isimler \u201cne\u201d (\u0441\u044b\u0434) sorusunun cevab\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel isimlerin gruplar\u0131na giren isimler \u201ckim\u201d (\u0445\u044d\u0442?) sorusunun cevab\u0131d\u0131r. Kim geliyor? (\u0425\u044d\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043a\u04c0\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0440?)- erkek \u00e7ocuk, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuk, avc\u0131 (\u041a\u04c0\u0430\u043b\u044d, \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d, \u0448\u0430\u043a\u04c0\u043e).<\/p>\n<p>Cin (\u0414\u0436\u044b\u043d\u044d), \u015feytan (\u0448\u044d\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d), vampir (\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0434\u044d), su perisi (\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044a\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0430\u0449), yec\u00fcc-mec\u00fcc (eI\u0443\u0434\u0436\u044b\u0434\u0436-\u043c\u044d\u04c0\u0443\u0434\u0436\u044b\u0434\u0436), ya\u011fmur k\u0131z\u0131 (\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0430\u0449) gibi isimler \u00f6zel isim grubuna girerler.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer dillerde bir c\u00fcmle ile ifade edilebilen bir \u015fey, Ad\u0131ge dilinde bir tek s\u00f6zc\u00fck ile ifade edilebilmektedir. S\u00f6zgelimi; \u0443-\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d-\u0449\u044b-\u0441-\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443-\u0449\u0442\u044b-\u0433\u044a\u0430-\u0433\u044a\u044d-\u0440 (Seni orada g\u00f6rece\u011fimden). Dile ili\u015fkin buna benzer \u00f6rnekler, dil biliminin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulardan biridir. Polisentetik yap\u0131lar da (bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok morfemden olu\u015fmas\u0131) dilbiliminin \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi konulardand\u0131r<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan\u0131n duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini anlatmada kullanabilece\u011fi olanaklar\u0131 da dil bilimi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u2013Amerika, Kanada, Japonya, Fransa, Almanya, \u0130sve\u00e7, Hollanda, Polonya- e\u011fitimli ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ayd\u0131n insanlar, Ad\u0131ge dilini \u00f6\u011frenmeyi i\u015f edindiler ve \u00fczerinde yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikli olarak s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz bu problemin bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6n\u00fc de var. \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerinin birbiriyle olan ili\u015fkileri ile di\u011fer dil gruplar\u0131yla olan ili\u015fkileri . S\u00f6zgelimi Rus\u00e7a, Ukraynaca, Belarus\u00e7a akraba diller olup Slav dil ailesindendir. Slav dilleri Hint-Avrupa dil grubunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ber-Kafkas Dillerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 milattan \u00f6nceki \u00e7ok eski zamanlara dayan\u0131r. O \u00e7ok eski ve uzak zamanlardan beri halklar birbirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor ve birbirleriyle temas ediyorlard\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalarda diller de\u011fi\u015fir. Halk\u0131n ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi nas\u0131l yerinde de\u011fi\u015fmez bir bi\u00e7imde durmuyorsa, dil de zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcrc\u00fcce d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130ber-Kafkas dillerinin, \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131 dilleri yoktu. Bu durum, dillerin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi evreleri belirlemeyi zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, dillerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmlenmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran etmenlerden olsa da yine de s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etmemiz gereken hususlar da vard\u0131r. S\u00f6zgelimi \u0130ber-Kafkas dilleri, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, bir zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dil ailesi olarak, birbiriyle ili\u015fkili pek \u00e7ok dilden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu dilleri konu\u015fan halklar b\u00fcy\u00fck ve geni\u015f topraklara sahiptiler. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck dil ailesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fanlar ise \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Kalanlar da art\u0131k birbirine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n de\u011filler. En \u00e7ok birbirine yak\u0131n olanlar, Ad\u0131ge dili ile Abhaz dilidir. Fakat G\u00fcneyde ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu dillerden olduk\u00e7a uzaklar. Bundan dolay\u0131 bir grup bilim insan\u0131 Kuzey Kafkas dillerinin (Da\u011f\u0131stan dilleri, \u00c7e\u00e7ence, \u0130ngu\u015fce, Ad\u0131gece, Abhazca) birbirine akraba oldu\u011funu, bir k\u00f6k dilden t\u00fcredi\u011fini, G\u00fcneydeki Kafkas dillerinin ise (Kartvelce, Svanca, Mingrelce) ba\u015fka bir k\u00f6ke dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannediyorlar. Onlar\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re Kuzey Kafkas Dilleri ile G\u00fcney Kafkas Dillerinin akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmak gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan bu dillerin birbirlerine olan yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 Kafkas dil ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan her g\u00fcn ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Kafkas Dillerinin hepsini birlikte tek bir dil ailesi, \u0130ber-Kafkas dil ailesi olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bu dil ailesi ile \u00f6teki dil ailelerinin birbiriyle olan ili\u015fkileri \u00fczerinde daha az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ber- Kafkas dillerinin daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu eski diller art\u0131k yok. Nas\u0131l bir dildi onlar? Ad\u0131ge dili ile ilintisi nas\u0131ld\u0131?<\/p>\n<p>Eski D\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetleri kuranlar, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da (Anadolu) ve b\u00fcy\u00fck nehirler olan F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019nin kenarlar\u0131ndaki vadilerde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar-S\u00fcmerler, Hattiler, Hurriler, Urartu\u2019lar ve di\u011ferleri.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge -Abhaz dilleri gibi Hattice\u2019nin de eklemeli dil yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge-Abhaz dilleri gibi Hatticenin gramer kategorileri de \u00f6neklerle g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Hattilerle Ad\u0131gelerin genetik akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yer isimleri ile halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 isimler ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zgelimi \u201cKa\u015fka\u201d adl\u0131 halk, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da (Anadolu\u2019da) ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Eskiden Ruslar Ad\u0131gelere \u201cKosog\u201d diyorlard\u0131. Eski G\u00fcrc\u00fc dilinde de \u201cKa\u015fak-Kasag\u201d, Svancada \u201cMiksag-Meksag\u201d,\u00e7o\u011ful olarak da \u201cKasger-Ka\u015fger\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri yer almaktayd\u0131 ve Ad\u0131geleri de bu \u015fekilde \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaktayd\u0131lar. Tarih\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir halk olan \u201cKa\u015fka\u201dlar, bol \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hayvan yeti\u015ftirerek eski Anadolu\u2019da oturuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan \u201cGuaze\u201d adl\u0131 gazetenin 46-48\u2019inci say\u0131lar\u0131nda yer alan yaz\u0131larda Ad\u0131gelerin Hatti\u2019lerden t\u00fcredi\u011fi belirtilmektedir. O yaz\u0131larda B\u00fcy\u00fck Hatti Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Halk\u0131n u\u011frak yeri olan g\u00fczel \u015fehir Karkam\u0131\u015f, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi idi. Bu \u015fehir, d\u00fcnyada tan\u0131nan-bilinen, ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f yeriydi. Ad\u0131gelerin yaz\u0131 dillerinin de oldu\u011fu fakat ba\u015f\u0131na gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket ve talihsizlikler sonucu, halk kendi can\u0131n\u0131 korumak derdinde iken, yaz\u0131 dilini kaybetmi\u015f oldu\u011funu \u201cGuaze\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen Ad\u0131gelerdeki baz\u0131 isimler, Ad\u0131gelerle Hattilerin akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ispatlamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bunlar; Hatuv (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0443), Hat\u0131juk (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0436\u044a\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443), k\u00f6y ve mahalle isimleri: Hat\u0131\u011fujkay (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439), Hatikay (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439), Hatuv-mahallesi (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0443- \u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge-Abhaz dillerindeki baz\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Hattiler Tanr\u0131\u2019ya \u201cVa\u201d (\u0443\u0430) diyorlard\u0131. Ad\u0131ge masallar\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar gelmi\u015f baz\u0131 yemin etme \u2013ant i\u00e7me s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri vard\u0131r; Bu \u201cVa\u201d ad\u0131na seni kand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131m &#8211; (\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0438-\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044a\u043e (\u0443\u0441\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0446\u04c0\u044d\u043d\u043a\u04c0\u044d)-. Tanr\u0131 ad\u0131 olan \u201cVa\u201d (\u0423\u0430) hatti yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, S\u00fcmer ve Urartu yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok\u00e7a ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 bunun gibi Urartu yaz\u0131tlar\u0131na da bakarak \u015funun gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k; \u201cM\u00e2zsl\u201d. Bu da Tanr\u0131 ismi. Bu Tanr\u0131\u2019ya Hattiler kurban keserlerdi. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, anlam olarak da, ses bi\u00e7imi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da bir Ad\u0131ge s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u201cMezitl\u201d &#8211; (\u043c\u044d\u0437\u044b\u043b\u04c0 (\u041c\u044d\u0437\u043b\u04c0\u044b\u043d\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0438 alo)) orman adam\u0131-yar\u0131 vah\u015fi orman adam\u0131 da deniyor- ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir;- Tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc, kemikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f keskin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck baltas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi de birka\u00e7 yer isminden s\u00f6z edelim: Gazza-pa (\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0437\u0430-\u043f\u0430), Tu\u015f-pa (\u0422\u0443\u0448-\u043f\u0430), Du-nana-pa (\u0414\u0443- \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0430-\u043f\u0430), Karta-pa (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430-\u043f\u0430)\u2026 Bu yer isimlerinde yer alan \u201cPa\u201d (\u043f\u0430) morfemi Ad\u0131ge dilinde vard\u0131r. Leba-pe (\u041b\u044d\u0431\u0430-\u043f\u0430) -Laba \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fc-gibi \u00f6rnekler.<\/p>\n<p>Hatti dili ile Ad\u0131ge dilinin yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131-akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen Arnold Stepanovi\u00e7 \u00c7ikobava, \u0130rina Mihayilovna Dunayevskaya, Vya\u00e7eslav Vsevalodovi\u00e7 \u0130vanov, \u0130gor Mihayilovi\u00e7 Dyakanov gibi pek \u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hatti dilini ara\u015ft\u0131ranlar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli olarak dikkatini \u00e7eken husus bu dillerin tipolojik olarak birbirlerine benzemesidir. Daha anlaml\u0131 ve temeli olan gramer kategorisi her iki dilin \u00f6nek\u2019lerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu bi\u00e7imler: \u00f6zne ve nesnenin belirte\u00e7leridir ya da yer g\u00f6steren \u00f6nekli fiillerdir. \u201cHe-s\u201d (\u0445\u044d-\u0441) (bir \u015feyin i\u00e7inde oturuyor-bulunuyor), \u201c\u00e7e-s\u201d (\u0447\u04c0\u044d-\u0441) (bir \u015feyin alt\u0131nda oturuyor), \u201cDe-s\u201d (\u0434\u044d-\u0441) (bir \u015feyin i\u00e7inde oturuyor) ya da olumsuzluk bildiren ekler, \u201cyaz-ma!\u201d (\u0443-\u043c\u044b-\u0442\u0445) \u00f6rnekleri gibi.<\/p>\n<p>Hatti dili yaz\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 denilen (\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c) i\u015faretlerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin ne ifade etti\u011fini anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da okunmas\u0131 zordur. S\u00f6zgelimi \u201c (3)-\u00fc\u00e7\u201d olarak yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131y\u0131 Ad\u0131geler \u201c\u015f\u0131- \u0449\u044b\u201d, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler \u201csami- \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u201d diyerek farkl\u0131 okuyabilirler. Hatti dilini okumay\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenmeyi g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftiren buna benzer hususlar az de\u011fildir. Hattilerin tarihini, arkeolojisini, dilini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in e\u011fitimli ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc pek \u00e7ok insan \u00e7aba sarfetmektedir. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maykop\u2019ta d\u00fczenlenen D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki bilimsel toplant\u0131da (Kolokyum), Polonyadan gelen Kafkas ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Jan Braun, Ad\u0131ge- Abhaz dilleri ile Hatti dilinin akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan baz\u0131 hususlar\u0131 verdi\u011fi konferansta ortaya koymu\u015ftur. S\u00f6zgelimi, Hatti dilinde k\u00f6kleri g\u00f6steren \u00f6nekli fiiller \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Gelecekte yap\u0131lacak bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Hatti dili ile Ad\u0131ge \u2013Abhaz dillerinin akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha derinlemesine ortaya koyarsa, Ad\u0131gelerin tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Milattan \u00d6nce 15-16. Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan daha \u00f6teye gidecek ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medeniyeti olan halklar aras\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek yerini alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyada var olan birka\u00e7 bin dilden biri olan ve Fransa ile \u0130spanya aras\u0131ndaki Pirene Da\u011flar\u0131nda Bask dili konu\u015fan 600 bin n\u00fcfusa sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir halk ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu halk\u0131n dilinin hangi dil grubunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Bask dili \u0130ber-Kafkas dil grubuna yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge dilinde de Bask dilindeki gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n, s\u00f6zc\u00fck bi\u00e7imlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konmaktad\u0131r. Bask dilinin daha \u00e7ok G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Abhaz ve Ad\u0131ge dillerine yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Frans\u0131z ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan Catherine Paris ilk geli\u015finde Ad\u0131ge \u00d6\u011fretmen Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde Bask diline ili\u015fkin konferans vermi\u015fti. Bask dilindeki en eski fiillerin \u015fah\u0131s ekleri ile de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftu. \u00c7ok eski zamanlardan kalma 20 kadar fiil bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bask dilinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge dilindeki fiiler gibi onlar da \u015fah\u0131s ekleri ile de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Dilbilimi ve etno-geneti\u011fe ili\u015fkin bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz hususlardan ba\u015fka Kafkas dillerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihine ili\u015fkin sorular\u0131 da ortaya koyuyorlar. Bu husus \u0130ber-Kafkas dilbiliminin ikinci \u00f6nemli i\u015fi olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde durmaktad\u0131r. Halk\u0131n kat etti\u011fi tarihsel yol, var olan davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri- \u00f6rf,adet ve gelenekleri- ba\u015fka halklarla olan ili\u015fkileri \u201cdil\u201d g\u00f6sterebilmektedir. S\u00f6zgelimi yer adlar\u0131, bir halk\u0131n tarihini \u00f6\u011frenmede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 yer ad\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m: Kelermeskaya (\u041a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f) k\u00f6y\u00fc, Had\u0131censk (\u0425\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a) \u015fehri gibi yerlerde art\u0131k Ad\u0131geler ya\u015fam\u0131yorlar. Fakat bunlar Ad\u0131ge isimleridir. Kelermeskaya Kelar+mez (\u041a\u044a\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0440 + \u043c\u044d\u0437) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Bu yerde orman i\u00e7inde bir \u00e7e\u015fit sar\u0131msak olan Kelar (\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0440) \u00e7ok\u00e7a yeti\u015fiyordu. Had\u0131censk (\u0425\u0430\u0434\u044b\u00ad\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a) Ad\u0131ge dilinde H\u0131d\u0131j\u0131 (X\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0436\u044a\u044b) diye s\u00f6ylenir. J\u0131 \u2019n\u0131n (\u0416\u044a\u044b) Ad\u0131ge dilinde b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bi\u00e7iminde de anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r : Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n- \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck (\u0438\u043d\u044b &#8211; \u0436\u044a\u044b), \u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck buza\u011f\u0131 (\u0448\u043aI\u044d \u2013 \u0448\u043aI\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b)-.<\/p>\n<p>H\u0131den (X\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043d) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (fiil) koyunlara ili\u015fkindir. \u015eimdiki \u015fehrin (Had\u0131censk) oldu\u011fu yerde b\u00fcy\u00fck me\u015fe a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 yeti\u015fiyordu. Bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7imenliklerde \u00f6\u011flen s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda su i\u00e7meye getirilen koyunlar dinleniyorlard\u0131. Koyunlar dinlenirken onlara Meh\u0131deh (\u043c\u044d\u0445\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d\u0445) denirdi. Bundan dolay\u0131 buraya H\u0131dej\u0131 (\u0425\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b) dediler.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda olan bir k\u00f6ye Bj\u0131nevi (\u0411\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438) denilmektedir. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sar\u0131msaktan- Bj\u0131n\u0131f (\u0431\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0444)-t\u00fcredi\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Benzeri \u00f6rnekler: Dagomis (\u0414\u0430\u0433\u043e\u00ad\u043c\u044b\u0441- \u0422\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043f\u0441)-Do\u011fu diyalektinde D\u0131\u011fem\u0131ps (\u0414\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043f\u0441); Tuapse (\u0422\u0443\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0435 \u2014 TI\u0443\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044d) gibi.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck Rus ayd\u0131n\u0131 Oleg Nikolayevi\u00e7 Turba\u00e7ev\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re Novorosisk (\u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u00ad\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a) \u015fehrinde, Tsemezkaya (\u0426\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f) koyu denilen limanda eskiden Ad\u0131geler ya\u015fam\u0131yordu. Fakat bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yer isimleri ayd\u0131nlatmaktad\u0131r. Novorosisk\u2019e Ad\u0131geler Tsemez (\u0426I\u044d\u043c\u044d\u0437) diyordu. Tsemez\u2019in oldu\u011fu yerdeki \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131na Tseps (\u0426\u04c0\u044d\u043f\u0441) denilmekteydi. Tsemez koyu-siyah rengi and\u0131ran orman demektir. Tseps, Ptseps\u2019ten (\u041f\u0446\u04c0\u044d\u043f\u0441) t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. (Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n: \u015eeps \u2013\u0429\u044d\u043f\u0441-s\u00fct gibi bembeyaz.) Ad\u0131ge dilinde Beyaz\u0131n (\u0424\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b) kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 siyaht\u0131r (\u0448\u04c0\u0443\u0446\u04c0\u044d). Siyah\u0131n ikinci hecesi tse (\u0446\u04c0\u044d). Ptse (\u043f\u0446\u04c0\u044d)\u2019nin \u201csiyah\u201d anlam\u0131nda s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere girmekte ve kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: Doru at (\u043f\u0446\u04c0\u044d-\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044a), toprak renginde,siyah (\u0447\u04c0\u0430- \u043f\u0446\u04c0\u044d). Tsemez (\u0426\u04c0\u044d\u043c\u044d\u0437) gibi yer adlar\u0131 Ad\u0131ge dilinde yer almazsa, Ad\u0131geler, anavatanlar\u0131 olmayan k\u00f6ks\u00fcz bir halk olarak d\u00fcnyada kal\u0131rlar. \u00dcz\u00fcnt\u00fc verici bir durum olsa da O.N. Turba\u00e7ev, yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken Ad\u0131gelerin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 kitaplara ve d\u00fczenledikleri s\u00f6zl\u00fcklere bakma ihtiyac\u0131 hissetmedi. Bundan dolay\u0131 da astrov (\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432)-ada s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Ad\u0131ge dilinde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131gelerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flar Ad\u0131ge dilinde yer alan pek \u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de kaybolmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ili\u015fkin pek \u00e7ok materyal-nesne yok oldu. G\u00fczel ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerinde, geleneklerinde de\u011fi\u015fimler oldu. Halk\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri, d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitimli-ayd\u0131n insanlar\u0131n, koruyarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011feri vard\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde, topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 aletlere, hayvan yeti\u015ftirmeye, demirden, alt\u0131ndan ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften yapt\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fyalara, topra\u011f\u0131 ekerek yeti\u015ftirdiklerinden elde etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlere verdikleri isimler ve benzeri \u015feyler de de\u011ferlidir. Bunlardan baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekle verelim. Elman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7e\u015fitleri pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede ve toplumlarda vard\u0131r. Fakat Ad\u0131geler kendi topraklar\u0131na uygun de\u011fi\u015fik ve ilgin\u00e7 elmalar yeti\u015ftirdiler. Onlar, meyve zararl\u0131lar\u0131ndan (ha\u015farat) korkmuyorlard\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7lar uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcyd\u00fc. B\u00fcy\u00fck- iri elmalar\u0131, yaz\u0131n olgunla\u015fanlar dahil, farkl\u0131 zamanda birbiri ard\u0131 s\u0131ra yeti\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. S\u00f6zgelimi \u201cm\u0131\u00e7ez\u0131n\u201d (\u043c\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0437\u044b\u043d) d\u00fcnyada ba\u015fka bir yerde olmayan bir elma \u00e7e\u015fididir. Sonbaharda olgunla\u015fmakta, b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bozulmadan ge\u00e7irebilmektedir. Toprakta ve kar\u0131n i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmesine ra\u011fmen bozulmadan ilkbahara kadar dayan\u0131yordu. Ben bunu 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eaps\u0131\u011f (Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131) b\u00f6lgesinde bizzat g\u00f6rerek \u015fahit oldum. Ad\u0131gelerin tercih ettikleri \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015f\u0131n k\u0131zakla giderek topluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131geler hi\u00e7bir zaman beceriksiz de\u011fillerdi. Onlar pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke ile ticaret yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunun \u015fahididir \u00c7era\u015fe Tembot\u2019un (\u041a\u04c0\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0442) N\u0131seyi\u015f\u011fogu (\u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0438\u0449\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0433\u0443)- gelin alma yolu- dedi\u011fi, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Orta Asya\u2019ya, Hindistan\u2019a kadar uzanan yol.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi de \u201cLudan\u201d (\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043d) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ele alal\u0131m. Ludan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Vasiliy \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Abayev\u2019in belirlemesine g\u00f6re, Rusya ve Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7ar\u0131 Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van zaman\u0131nda ipek kuma\u015f\u0131 toplar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerden getirilerek Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda gemilerin durdu\u011fu Loo (\u041b\u044d\u043e) liman\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ad\u0131geler bunlar\u0131 Ruslara ve Ukraynal\u0131lara satarak ticaret yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131siyle, gemilerle Loo\u2019ya getirilen ipek (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044d) kuma\u015flara Loo+dane (\u041b\u043e\u043e+\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044d)-Loo ipe\u011fi-diyorlard\u0131. (\u0130pekten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7e\u015fit ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne Ad\u0131ge dilinde \u201cLoodan\u201d (\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d) denilmektedir.) Buna benzer pek \u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00fczerinde s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylenebilir: Narzan (\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d)-Ad\u0131ge dilinde Nart+sane (\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442+\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044d&gt;) Nart \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc-\u015farab\u0131-, \u00c7uvyaki (\u0447\u0443\u0432\u044f\u043a\u0438)-terlik- s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ad\u0131ge dilindeki \u00c7uake\u2019den (\u0446\u0443\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044d)-ayakkab\u0131-t\u00fcremi\u015ftir ve Hint-Avrupa dillerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir (Johann Knobloch).<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131geler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fclkeye sahip iken, kendine d\u00fc\u015fen katk\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fcnya medeniyetine yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cPsikoloji\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn (kavram\u0131n) ilk hecesi pse (\u043f\u0441\u044d)-can-\u2018d\u0131r. Grek s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cpsyche\u201d de bu anlamdad\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, Abhaz halk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olarak \u2013Apsuva (\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0443\u0430)- \u0443\u0430 da Abhazlar\u0131n vatan\u0131 \u2013Apsn\u0131 (\u0410\u043f\u0441\u043d\u044b) canlar \u00fclkesi- anlam\u0131nda Abhaz dilinde de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Halk\u0131n y\u00fcceltti\u011fi, \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi, sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zledi\u011fi \u015feylerin hepsini dilde bulabilirsiniz. Ad\u0131gelik, insanl\u0131k, \u201ciyilik yap suya at\u201d (\u0428\u04c0\u0443 \u0448\u04c0\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0437), \u201ccan verilir, namus korunur\u201d (\u041f\u0441\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0449\u044d, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0449\u044d\u0444\u044b) gibi atas\u00f6zlerin sadeli\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fcreklili\u011fi, merhameti halk\u0131n etnografisinde, tarihinde yer al\u0131r. Dolay\u0131siyle yaz\u0131 dili olmayan halklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r dil.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir i\u015f olarak: Ad\u0131ge halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden in\u015fa etmede dilin ortaya koyaca\u011f\u0131 faydalard\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerden, dilbiliminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebileceklerinden s\u00f6z etmeden \u00f6nce g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Ad\u0131ge dilinin durumuna bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk olarak, Ad\u0131geler, \u015fu andaki gibi da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f-da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak bulunmadan \u00f6nce ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u201c\u00c7erkes\u201d, kendilerine ise \u201cAd\u0131ge\u201d diyorlard\u0131. Kendilerini adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 bi\u00e7im ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n adland\u0131rma bi\u00e7imini pasaportlar\u0131na (kimlik belgelerine) yazd\u0131rmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak Ad\u0131gelerin Maykop\u2019ta d\u00fczenledikleri \u201cBilimsel Uygulamalar\u201d konferans\u0131nda ald\u0131klar\u0131 karar\u0131 do\u011fru kabul etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Anavatanda kalan ve ya\u015fayan Ad\u0131gelerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011fildir. Ad\u0131gey Cumhuriyetinde 115 bin, Kabartay-Balkar Cumhuriyetinde 360 bin, Kara\u00e7ay Cumhuriyetinde 35 bin Ad\u0131ge ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f \u00dclkelerdeki \u00c7erkesler (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u044c\u0435) adl\u0131 gazetenin 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ilk say\u0131s\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131lana g\u00f6re, Yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fuda, Avrupa\u2019da, Amerika\u2019da, Avustralya\u2019da, 3 milyon kadar Ad\u0131ge-Abhaz ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dedir. Suriye\u2019de 75 bin, \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de 56 bin, Almanya\u2019da 20 bin, Amerika\u2019da 6 bin ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Yugoslavya, Arnavutluk, Libya, Irak, Suudi Arabistan, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirli\u011fi, Fransa, Hollanda, Bulgaristan, Tunus, Kore, Kanada ve Arjantin\u2019de soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Anavatanda kalan Ad\u0131geler, Sovyet kanunlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca yaz\u0131 diline sahip oldular. Ad\u0131ge dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f edebi eserler Ruslara, Ukraynal\u0131lara, \u00c7eklere, Frans\u0131zlara, \u0130ngilizlere ula\u015ft\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f 70 y\u0131ldan s\u00f6z ederken, Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131n\u0131n o y\u0131llarda elde etti\u011fi olumlu i\u015fleri unutmamam\u0131z gerekir. Okullara (ilk, orta ve y\u00fcksek), Ulusal Tiyatroya, Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fclerine ve Filarmoniye sahip olduk. Radyo ve Ulusal Gazete, Ad\u0131ge dilinde yay\u0131n yapt\u0131. Bu i\u015f yerlerinde ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayanlar, bilim, sanat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 att\u0131lar. Pek \u00e7ok zorlu\u011fun \u00fcstesinden geldiler. \u015eimdi masal gibi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r, kan ve g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 getiren pek \u00e7ok sava\u015ftan arta kalan, Ad\u0131gelerin maddi ve manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerinde de pek \u00e7ok eksiklikler oldu. S\u00f6zl\u00fc Ad\u0131ge \u015fiirlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, eski Ad\u0131ge mitolojisine ili\u015fkin olanlar da dahil, bir daha bulunamayacak \u015fekilde kaybettik. \u015eimdi kim bilebilir Ad\u0131ge dilindeki sembolik terimleri; s\u00f6zgelimi, \u201cdevlet armas\u0131n\u0131\u201d nas\u0131l ifade edece\u011fiz. Peki, Ad\u0131ge prensi Ridade\u2019nin devlet armas\u0131nda bulunan Grifon\u2019a (kartal ba\u015fl\u0131 aslan) Ad\u0131ge dilinde ne diyorlard\u0131. Bu uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, halk\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan getirilen trajedilerin sonucu olarak bize kaybettirilenlerin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131gelerin ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerinin de de\u011fi\u015fmesi sonucu, pek \u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve bunlar\u0131n s\u00f6yleni\u015f bi\u00e7imleri de dilimizden eksildi-d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Birka\u00e7 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde halk\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve tercih etti\u011fi ba\u011f-bah\u00e7e d\u00fczenine, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imine uygun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve h\u0131zl\u0131 ko\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fik cinsteki atlar\u0131 tercih etmelerine, hayret uyand\u0131ran hayvanlar yeti\u015ftirmelerine-beslemelerine, \u00e7ok\u00e7a y\u00fcn veren verimli koyun \u00e7e\u015fitlerine art\u0131k sahip de\u011filiz.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 bunlar gibi, Ad\u0131gelerin g\u00fczel toplumsal ili\u015fkilerinde de az\u0131msanmayacak kay\u0131plar olmu\u015ftur. Ad\u0131gelerin ya\u015fam\u0131ndan kaybolan \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, pek \u00e7ok maddenin isimleri de yok oldu. Konu\u015fma dilindeki s\u00f6zc\u00fckler eksilince, dilin ya\u015famda tuttu\u011fu yer azal\u0131nca, dil aile oca\u011f\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131ndan olan pek \u00e7ok insan d\u00fcnyaya da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve birbirinden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Onlar Ad\u0131ge dilinin yan\u0131nda ikinci bir dili, bazen de bask\u0131n dil olarak ba\u015fka dilleri-Rus\u00e7ay\u0131, Arap\u00e7ay\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi, ya\u015famlar\u0131nda kullanmak zorunda kal\u0131yorlar. Baz\u0131 ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla anadilinde konu\u015fmamaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu bir felakettir. Dolay\u0131siyle kendi halk\u0131n\u0131n dilini kaybedenlerin girdi\u011fi yola girme korkusu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck halklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda duruyor. Fakat Devletimiz, bizim gibi halklar\u0131n, dillerini, ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerini yeniden canland\u0131rabilmeleri i\u00e7in olanaklar sunmaktad\u0131r. Ad\u0131gelerin art\u0131k kendilerine ait Cumhuriyetleri var. Ad\u0131gelerin d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini geli\u015ftiren, Ad\u0131geli\u011fe, insanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik adetleri canland\u0131ran, daha \u00f6nce bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fcksek uygarl\u0131\u011fa yeniden eri\u015ftirece\u011fini umdu\u011fumuz \u015fimdi bizim ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imimizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z ve daha iyi olanaklar\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131ge Tiyatrosunun, Filarmoninin, Bas\u0131mevinin, Ad\u0131ge yazarlar\u0131n, ressamlar\u0131n, bestecilerin, ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in anadilinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu son y\u0131llarda ulusumuz yeniden kendine geliyor. Dilimiz ile de daha \u00e7ok ilgilenir oldular. Bunun sonucu olarak da yaz\u0131 dilimiz de daha \u00e7ok geli\u015fiyor. Yaz\u0131lan, \u00e7evrilen kitaplar, Ad\u0131ge radyosunun yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ad\u0131ge Tiyatrosunun temsillerinin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. S\u00f6zgelimi Aleksandr Sergeyevi\u00e7 Pu\u015fkin\u2019in, William Shakespeare\u2019in, \u015eota Rustaveli\u2019nin yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu son y\u0131llarda \u00e7evrildi. Onlar\u0131 Ad\u0131ge dilinde okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Gazetelerimiz \u201cAd\u0131ge Mak\u201d (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u044a)-Ad\u0131ge Sesi-, \u201cCerpecej\u201d (\u0414\u0436\u044d\u0440\u043f\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0436\u044c)-Yank\u0131-, ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imimizi ve d\u00fcnya haberlerini anadilimizle yay\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak, Anadilimizi tekrar yerli yerine oturtmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok eksi\u011fimizin oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kafkas-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131 parampar\u00e7a oldu. Ad\u0131geler pek \u00e7ok halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde, pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda oturan \u015eaps\u0131\u011f\u2019lardan (\u0448\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a) arta kalanlar da Ad\u0131gey Cumhuriyetinden ayr\u0131 kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Kafkasya\u2019da kalan Ad\u0131gelerin -Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Ad\u0131gelerinin (Kabartaylar)- iki ayr\u0131 yaz\u0131 dilleri var. Yaz\u0131 dilinde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 alfabelerde de farkl\u0131l\u0131klar var. Alfabesi ve yaz\u0131 dili bir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kitap okuyacak, radyo dinleyecek, tiyatroya gidecek olanlar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 giderek azalmaktad\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131 dili halk\u0131 birbirinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131 dili bir olsa, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ad\u0131geler, konu\u015fma dilinin zenginli\u011fini kullanabilecek, halk\u0131n birli\u011fini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7o\u011faltacak olanaklar bulabilecektir. Dolay\u0131siyle bu ve benzeri problemleri, \u00e7\u00f6zmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>1-Devletimizin Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n halk\u0131m\u0131za tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ya\u015famda alabildi\u011fine ve sonuna kadar kullanmak gerekir. Devletin resmi dili olarak Ad\u0131ge diline, Cumhuriyette ya\u015fayanlar, de\u011fer vermeli ve sayg\u0131 duymal\u0131d\u0131r. Anadilinin durumunu ve stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>2-Ad\u0131geler nerede olurlarsa olsunlar, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ya\u015f\u0131yor olsalarda, tek bir yaz\u0131 dilini kullan\u0131rlarsa, tek bir yaz\u0131 dili ile duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini belirtirlerse, halk\u0131n \u00f6rf, adet ve gelenekleri (\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d) daha \u00e7ok korunur, daha \u00e7abuk toparlan\u0131r, daha \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lenir ve sa\u011flamla\u015f\u0131r. Ad\u0131geler birlikte hareket ederlerse, ilk y\u0131llarda iki yaz\u0131 dili birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve iki diyalekt de var olur. Diyalektin biri, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu yap\u0131y\u0131, benzer ve z\u0131t anlaml\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin g\u00fczel s\u00f6yleni\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini alarak, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha zengin ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir dil olu\u015fturabilir. Yaz\u0131 dilinin olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk g\u00fcnlerde A\u015fhamafe Davut (\u04c0\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d \u0414\u0430\u0443\u0442) Ad\u0131gelerin tek bir alfabe, tek bir yaz\u0131 dili kullanmalar\u0131 hususunu ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Ancak ona destek vermediler.<\/p>\n<p>Tek bir yaz\u0131 dilini kullanabilmek i\u00e7in yeri geldi\u011finde baz\u0131 problemleri de \u00e7\u00f6zmek gerekir. S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, yaz\u0131m kurallar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in var olan olanaklar\u0131 ve yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelidir. S\u00f6zgelimi Bat\u0131 Ad\u0131ge Diyalektinde sith\u0131l \u201c\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0445\u044b\u043b\u044a\u201d-kitab\u0131m-\u015feklindeki yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imini Do\u011fu Ad\u0131ge Diyalektinde (Kabartay) si+th\u0131l (\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0445\u044b\u043b\u044a) bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131yoruz. Zaman\u0131m\u0131zda pek \u00e7ok yeni kavram dilimize girmektedir. Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu diyalektleri bunlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde al\u0131p kullan\u0131rsa, yaz\u0131 dillerimiz birbirine yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>3- Yaz\u0131 dillerinin daha yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Radyo \u2013 (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Televizyon-\u00e7.n.) b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilecek olanaklara sahiptir. S\u00f6zgelimi yaz\u0131 dili ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 ya da konu\u015fma dili ile s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f baz\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 radyo-televizyon (\u00e7.n.) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frenmeyi sa\u011flayacak bi\u00e7imde yay\u0131nlar planlanabilir. Yaz\u0131 dillerinden birinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u015fiirlerin \u00e7evirisini ya da yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilde oldu\u011fu gibi yay\u0131mlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde buna benzer atas\u00f6zleri ve birle\u015fik s\u00f6zc\u00fckler i\u00e7in de olabilir. Fakat bunlar\u0131n verili\u015f bi\u00e7iminin d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>4- Ad\u0131ge dilinin alfabesinin durumu Ad\u0131geleri uzun zamand\u0131r endi\u015felendiriyor. Birle\u015fik harflerin okunmas\u0131, yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve de okutulmas\u0131 zordur. Ad\u0131ge milli e\u011fitimine de zarar veriyor. Halk\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de geli\u015fmesini k\u0131s\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ad\u0131gey Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn d\u00fczenledi\u011fi toplant\u0131da, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n alfabelerinin, daha do\u011fru, daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve birle\u015fik harflerin at\u0131larak yeniden d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususu vurguland\u0131. Enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, alfabelerin noksanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltecek olanaklara ili\u015fkin olarak bana konferans verdirdiler. Ayr\u0131ca Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n, Abhazlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere alfabe tasar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu tasar\u0131n\u0131n temeli de Kiril harflerine dayan\u0131yordu. Fakat harfleri basit ve birle\u015fik olmayan bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftim. Bu tasar\u0131 konferansa kat\u0131lanlar taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmi\u015fti. Sadece bir tek harfe \u201c\u015f\u201d (\u0449) harfine Kabartaylar kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar-kabul etmediler. Konferansta al\u0131nan karar uyar\u0131nca, her halk, bu tasar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde tart\u0131\u015facak, ard\u0131ndan da bir de\u011ferlendirme toplant\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lacakt\u0131. Fakat bu konunun tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi ba\u015fka bir zamanday\u0131z. Ad\u0131geler nerede ya\u015farlarsa ya\u015fas\u0131nlar Alfabe konusunda endi\u015fe duymamalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Daha \u00f6nce var olan Latin harflerine dayal\u0131 alfabemizi \u00f6\u011frenmek, okumak, yazmak, basit ve kolayd\u0131. Yaz\u0131 dilinin bu alfabeye d\u00f6nmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancak, bu kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fildir. Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler de az de\u011fildir. A\u00e7\u0131k olan birle\u015fik harflerin alfabeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 basit harflerle de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminden bilgisayar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karamay\u0131z. Bilgisayar\u0131n alfabe konusundaki olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate almal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>5- \u00d6\u011fretmenlere, e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na dilin ve edebiyat\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilmesi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131lmas\u0131, gazetede, radyoda, televizyonda (\u00e7.n.) yay\u0131nevlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gazetecilerin e\u011fitilmesi- bunlar b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flerdir. Bunlar \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131ca konu\u015fmak gerekir. Fakat bunlar da Ad\u0131ge dilbiliminin \u00e7\u00f6zmesi gereken i\u015flerdendir.<\/p>\n<p>Bizim gen\u00e7 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n-teknik ve t\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015fcilerin, memurlar\u0131n-anadilinden, Ad\u0131ge k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden uzak ve kopuk olmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in var olan olanaklarla onlara destek vermemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ad\u0131ge dili-Anadili \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc -h\u00fccum ederse d\u00fc\u015fman i\u00e7in keskin bir silah, r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi h\u0131zl\u0131, kanatlan\u0131rsa k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7 gibi u\u00e7an, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cocu\u011fa g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyen, b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sayan, misafiri ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131layan, arkada\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00fczel dilli, a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fcrekli, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli ve anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00f6nder \u2013Ad\u0131gelerin k\u0131lavuzu. Anadili halk\u0131n namusu ve biricik can\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Dr. \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Ad\u0131gey Cumhuriyeti, Maykop<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Dr. Memduh Ceylan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1-\u0410\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \/ \u041f\u043e\u0434. \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0412. \u0428. \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0437\u0431\u0430. \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/p>\n<p>\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c. \u0414. \u0418. \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0430 \u0410\u041d \u0410\u0431\u0445\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u2013 \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0443\u043c, 2015. \u2013 832 \u0441.<\/p>\n<p>2- <strong>\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f (\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f) \u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f<\/strong> . \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u041c.\u0410. \u041a\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432,<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430,2006, 1248 \u0441.<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0411.\u00a0\u041c.\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0431 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/\/ \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0438<\/p>\n<p>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438. \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f, 1995.<\/p>\n<p>4- \u0413\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0432, \u041d.\u0422. \u201c\u041aI\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0431 \u2013 \u0448I\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0438 \u0421\u044d\u0442\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0435 -\u0433\u0443\u0430\u0449\u044d\u0449\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u201d .<strong>\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/strong> \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f 2008<\/p>\n<p>5- <strong>\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044a \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/strong>. \u041a 85-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0418. \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f,<\/p>\n<p>2008.<\/p>\n<p>6- \u041a\u04c0\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d, \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0431 \u0418. \u201c\u041d\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 &#8211; \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043c \u044b\u043f\u0441\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043d\u201d, <strong>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0441 \u0438 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b VI \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f, 1994.<\/p>\n<p>7- \u041c\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u041d\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442. \u201c\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u044d\u043c \u0438 \u00ab\u0421\u044d\u0442\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0435 \u0433\u0443\u0430\u0449\u00bb\u201d <strong>\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u041c\u0430\u043a\u044a, <\/strong>24.05.2013<\/p>\n<p>8- \u0420\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0434 \u0425\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432.\u201d\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0421\u043e \u0412\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0449\u0435\u0435\u201d. <strong>\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <\/strong><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u00a0\u21168 (207), \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>9- \u0423\u043d\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0440. \u201c\u0411\u0437\u044d\u0448I\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0437 \u201c.<strong> \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u041c\u0430\u043a\u044a, <\/strong>08.04. 2009.<\/p>\n<p>10- <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org%20\u203a%20wiki%20\u203a%20\u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0431%20\u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430%20\u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430.%0d\">https:\/\/ru.<strong>wikipedia.org <\/strong>\u203a wiki \u203a \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0431 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>11- \u0428\u044a\u0430\u0443\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0410\u0441\u043a\u044d\u0440. \u201c\u041aI\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0431 \u0414\u0436\u044b\u0440\u044d \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0411\u0437\u044d\u0448I\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0418\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0441\u0430\u043aI\u0443<\/p>\n<p>(\u041a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441 80 \u0417\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0415\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043bI\u0430\u0433\u044a)\u201d. <strong>\u041f\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044a 2 (5<\/strong>). \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f,<\/p>\n<p>2005.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u041a\u04c0\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d, \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0431 \u0418. \u201c\u041d\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 &#8211; \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043c \u044b\u043f\u0441\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043d\u201d, <strong>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b VI \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f, 1994.c.231-244.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6zet Ad\u0131ge\u2019de dil bilimi alan\u0131nda iki b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insan\u0131 yeti\u015fti. Biri Ad\u0131ge Dil Biliminin temelini atan A\u015fhamafe Davut (Do\u00e7ent), di\u011feri de \u015fimdiki Ad\u0131ge Dil Biliminin kurucusu \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep (Profes\u00f6r). Ad\u0131ge Dili alan\u0131nda y\u00fczden fazla makalesi ve ilkokuldan ba\u015flayarak \u00fcniversitede okutulan ders kitaplar\u0131na kadar onlarca kitab\u0131 bulunan \u00c7era\u015fe Zeynep, dil bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en zor ve en &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[34,30,31,32,33,38,47,37,36,42,41,40,43,46,48,39,44,35,45],"ppma_author":[240],"aioseo_notices":[],"authors":[{"term_id":240,"user_id":5,"is_guest":0,"slug":"memduhceylan","display_name":"Memduh Ceylan","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e7167d07bd2a85525b48785f2f03f3b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Ceylan","first_name":"Memduh","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1260"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1303,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions\/1303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1260"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}