{"id":1288,"date":"2020-07-02T14:13:15","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T11:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/?p=1288"},"modified":"2023-12-05T00:35:42","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T21:35:42","slug":"the-ways-of-developing-the-adyghe-languages-and-the-importance-of-the-adyghe-diaspora-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/the-ways-of-developing-the-adyghe-languages-and-the-importance-of-the-adyghe-diaspora-language\/","title":{"rendered":"ADIGE D\u0130LB\u0130L\u0130M\u0130N\u0130N KAT ETT\u0130\u011e\u0130 YOL VE D\u0130ASPORADAK\u0130 ADIGELER\u0130N D\u0130LLER\u0130N\u0130N ANLAMI"},"content":{"rendered":"\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ad\u0131ge dilbilimi \u00e7ok yol kat etti. Mektubu dahi o d\u00f6nem bilmeyen \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in bir alfabe olu\u015fturuldu, ders kitaplar\u0131 okutuldu ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede okuryazarl\u0131k oraninda ciddi bir artis yasandi, \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda kademeli olarak Ad\u0131gece dilbilimi alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan bilim adamlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130lk Ad\u0131ge dilbilimci D.A Ashhamaf Adighe alfabesini olu\u015fturan N.F. Yakovlev, \u00c7erkes edebi dilinin olu\u015fum ilkelerini geli\u015ftirdi, \u00c7erkes dilinin gramerlerini yaratt\u0131. Sonra dilbilimci bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131. \u00c7erkes dilinin fonetik, morfoloji, s\u00f6zdizimi, s\u00f6zl\u00fckbilim gibi farkl\u0131 problemler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Monograflar, s\u00f6zl\u00fckteki bilimsel makaleler ve bir\u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen sorunlar bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kaleminden gelmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, \u00c7erkes diasporas\u0131 dilinin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve durumu belirtilebilir. \u00c7erkes diasporas\u0131n\u0131n dili \u00c7erkes dilin yeniden canlanmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu meseleleri ele alman\u0131n zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anahtar Kelimeler<\/strong>: Dilbilgisi, dilbilimci, alfabe, fonetik, morfoloji, s\u00f6zdizimi, s\u00f6zl\u00fckbilim, imla, dilin anlam\u0131, \u00c7erkes, Ad\u0131ge diasporas\u0131n\u0131n dili.<\/p>\n
Bilimsel Cerkes yaz\u0131 temellerinin olu\u015fumundan \u00f6nce, Ad\u0131gece dilbilimi \u00e7ok yol kat etti. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u00f6ncelikle \u015fu sorular\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek gerekiyor: \u00c7erkesler yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir dil edinmeyi hi\u00e7 hayal ettiler mi? Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 mektubu var m\u0131yd\u0131 bu dilin? Bu sorular\u0131 cevaplamak zor. Bir \u015fey hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok: \u00c7erkeslerin tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ok uzun zaman \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve \u00c7erkeslerin d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda eski zamanlardan beri geni\u015f bir yer i\u015fgal etti. Muhtemelen, Kuzey Kafkasya’dan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’ya kadar \u00c7erkesler Karadeniz boyunca ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bilim adamlar\u0131 belirtti\u011fi gibi, Hutts Abhaz-Ad\u0131ge kabileleri olarak oralarda yurt tuttuklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu durumda, Abhaz Ad\u0131ge dilleri Hutt diline do\u011fru geri d\u00f6nmektedir. Onlarla birlikte Ubuh dilide s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu, Tikhonova (Tkhagapsova) A.P.Hutts \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 mektubu vard\u0131. Mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: \u00c7erkeslerin bir mektubu var m\u0131yd\u0131 acaba? Ad\u0131ge ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 S.Kh.Siyukhov bunu I922’de s\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015f: “\u00c7erkeslerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izleri yoktu, ama asla sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek de \u00e7ok riskli olurdu … Halklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7leri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin ve insanlar\u0131n yok edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa dahi, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin yeniden yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tarihten biliyoruz. \u00c7erkeslerin tarihi, a\u011f\u0131r ve kasvetli sayfalarla dolu olup, insanlar kaderlerinin iradesiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 dillerini ve bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeye zorland\u0131klar\u0131nda bir felaketi \u00fcstlenmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. [1, 28-29]. M.A. Kumakhov\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri bu konusu ge\u00e7en ifadelerin devam\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilir. S.H. Siyukhova: \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, Ad\u0131gece yazma kavram\u0131, Adigilere \u00e7ok erken kronolojik d\u00f6nemlerde biliniyordu. Aksi halde, Ad\u0131gece dillerinde, t\u00fcm leh\u00e7elerde ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm leh\u00e7elerde “yazmak”, \u0442\u0445\u044b\u043f\u0259 \u00abyaz\u0131l\u0131\u00bb, \u0442\u0445\u0430\u043f\u044a \u00abkitap\u00bb gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7 olurdu[2:1].<\/p>\n
Her durumda, arkeologlar \u00c7erkes topraklar\u0131nda eski zamanlarda yaz\u0131 dili bulundu\u011funu iddia ediyorlar. Maykop taba\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkemizdeki en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 an\u0131tlardan biri olarak kabul edilir. Bu an\u0131t Maykop k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilidir ve M.\u00d6. 3 bin y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, di\u011fer yazma an\u0131tlar\u0131 da bulunmu\u015ftur: Makhoshkushkhovsky petroglifleri, Meotian-Fateian kil tabletleri ile i\u015faretler (yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 tanesi vard\u0131r). Yaz\u0131k, aralar\u0131nda Ad\u0131ge dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek tek bir yaz\u0131t yok. Buna ra\u011fmen, s\u00f6z konusu yazma an\u0131tlar\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir parlak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara hala a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. XIX-XX y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Ad\u0131gelerin, \u0130ngiliz L. Leuy’un, Rusya’da ise L. Lulie ismiyle bilinen, P. Uslara, N. Kamenev, Han-Girey gibi isimlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ad\u0131ge dilinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131. Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimcisi U.H.Bersey \u00f6zel bir ilgiyi kesinlikle hakediyor. Stavropol \u015fehrinde bir okul salonunda bir grup \u00c7erkese okuma yazmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretti. Hatta dahas\u0131 e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir \u00e7erkes alfabesi yaratt\u0131. I853 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u00e7erkes alfabesini Tiflis’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Birincisi, bu alfabe geni\u015f bir bilimsel temelde yaz\u0131lmad\u0131 ve kitlelerin e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in uyarlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u2018\u2018Ad\u0131gece-Rus\u00e7a\u2019\u2019 s\u00f6zl\u00fckte L.Liulier’e ekli k\u0131sa bir gramerde, Ad\u0131gece dilinin sesleri \u00e7ok k\u0131saca sunulmu\u015ftur. Burada konu\u015fman\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, kategorileri ve bi\u00e7imleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az \u015fey s\u00f6ylenir. U.H.Berseyk, “\u00c7erkes harfleri” kitab\u0131nda Ad\u0131ge diline ait yap\u0131y\u0131 par\u00e7alar halinde veriyor.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Ekim Devrimi’nden sonra bir\u00e7ok sorun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130lk olarak, cehalet ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. As\u0131l g\u00f6rev \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturmakt\u0131. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, imla temellerini geli\u015ftirmek gerekliydi. \u0130kincisi, ders kitaplar\u0131 programlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini haz\u0131rlamak gerekti. E\u011fitimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 D.A.A\u015fhamafa\u2019n\u0131n omuzlar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Arap\u00e7a grafikleri kullanarak “\u041b\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0443” (\u0130z) kitab\u0131n\u0131 yaratt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Ad\u0131ge edebi dilinin normlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek gerekliydi. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in D.A. A\u015fhamaf, Ad\u0131ge dilinin leh\u00e7elerinin \u00f6zelliklerini tan\u0131d\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z kesmeden devam etti. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve sonu\u00e7lara dayanarak, Ad\u0131ge edebi dilinin temelinin Temirgoy (Chemguy) leh\u00e7esinde yer almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. N.F. Yakovlev ve D.A.A\u015fhamaf birlikte Ad\u0131ge edebi dilinin normlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlad\u0131lar, onlara dayanarak D.A.A\u015fkhamaf \u201cAd\u0131gece Yaz\u0131m S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d n\u00fc derledi (s\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7 bas\u0131mdan sonraya kald\u0131). D.A.A\u015fhamaf ve N.F. Yakovlev bilimsel olarak “Ad\u0131ge Dili K\u0131sa Dilbilgisi” (I930) ve “Ad\u0131ge Edebiyat Dili Grameri” (I94I) adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 yazd\u0131. Dilbilgisi yazma zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re, Ad\u0131ge dilinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n derinlemesine incelendi\u011fi ve belirtilen dilin fonetik, dilbilgisi, s\u00f6zl\u00fckbilim ve semansiyoloji problemlerinin geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
Sonra, bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in, Ad\u0131ge dilbilimindeki bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar durduruldu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k I5 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131ge dili bilgisi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar I957’de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. O y\u0131llarda, Z.\u0130.Kera\u015feva, \u201cAd\u0131ge dilinin \u015ea\u011fsug leh\u00e7esinin \u00f6zellikleri\u201d adl\u0131 bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Daha sonra K.L. Outlev, N.M. Nabokov ba\u015fka leh\u00e7eleri de incelediler. Z.Y. Namitokova, Y.A. Tharkaho ve S.S. Sitimova \u00e7ok zaman sonra, Abadzekh, \u00c7emgui ve Bjedug leh\u00e7elerinin \u00f6zelliklerini incelediler ve bilimsel makaleler yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
60’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Ad\u0131ge dilbilimi b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etti. Ad\u0131ge Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden bir grup bilim adam\u0131, Moskova’da Rus\u00e7a-Ad\u0131ge s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yay\u0131nlad\u0131. I966 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ad\u0131ge dilbilgisi kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131r ilk tiraj\u0131yla. Aralar\u0131nda Y.A. Muhamedjanova, K.H. Kurashinova, N.T. Gi\u015feva, U.S.Zekoh, K.H. Meretukov oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131 bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda konu\u015fman\u0131n Ad\u0131ge dilinde baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131ge dilbiliminde kelime olu\u015fumuyla \u00f6nemli bir rolle sahip olurlar ve \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde dururlar. \u00d6zellikle A.N. Abregov, B.M. Bersirov, R.Y. Namitokova, M.K. Tutarisheva bu alanda \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015flar ve Ad\u0131ge diline bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok fazla katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Gelecekte, bilim adamlar\u0131 morfoloji, s\u00f6zdizimi ve \u00fcslup problemleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yapanlar\u0131 belirtmek gerekmektedir: U.S.Eskoha, A.A.\u015eaova, Z.\u0130.Kera\u015feva, K.K. Meretukova, N.T. Gi\u015feva, Y.A.Tharkaho, R.A.Shalahova.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zl\u00fck bilimi ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck bilimi \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A.A.Hatkov ve Z.\u0130.Kera\u015fev, “Ad\u0131ge dilinin a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc” derledi. A.A. \u015eaov, \u201cAd\u0131ge s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temelleri\u201d bilimsel monograf\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Bir grup bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ad\u0131gece-Rus\u00e7a ve Rus\u00e7a-Ad\u0131gece s\u00f6zl\u00fckleri Y.A. Tharkaho\u2019nun deyimler ve e\u015f anlaml\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fckleri ve yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde G.A.Murad\u2019\u0131n homonimik s\u00f6zl\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar. N.T. Gi\u015fev de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hayvan adlar\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bunu sonras\u0131nda B.M.Bersirova ve M.A. Bersirovoy\u2019un \u00fc\u00e7 cilt halinde olan \u201cAd\u0131gece Dilinin A\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, \u201cAd\u0131gece Dilinin Yaz\u0131m S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, \u201cUbuh-Ad\u0131gece-Rus\u00e7a S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 izledi.<\/p>\n
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Kh. Meretukov uzun y\u0131llar Ad\u0131ge topografik isimlerini toplad\u0131 ve toplanan malzemeye dayanarak \u201cAd\u0131ge topografik s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d derledi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
N.T. Gi\u015fev, A.N. Abregov, B.M. Bersirov, Ad\u0131ge dilinin kelime hazinesi \u00fczerine kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bir tarihsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
200I \u2013 20I9 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Ad\u0131ge dilbilim sorunlar\u0131 geni\u015fledi ve dilbilimci say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131. Bilim adamlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli problemler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyi bekleyen bir\u00e7ok sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 hala kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hemen isimlendirece\u011fim:<\/p>\n
Modern Dilbilim biliminin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan Ad\u0131ge dilinin akademik bir gramerini yazmak gerekir.<\/p>\n
Mevcut yaz\u0131m s\u00f6zl\u00fckleri modern gereklilikleri yerine getirmedi\u011finden ve deneyimli bir isimle y\u00f6nlendirilemedi\u011finden, tutars\u0131zl\u0131klardan yoksun ve edebi dilin normlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen Ad\u0131ge’nin bir yaz\u0131m s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Kafkasya’daki m\u00fcthi\u015f sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde, \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r yaralar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve kendi yurtlar\u0131nda kalan \u00c7erkesler evlerini, ailelerini, yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Buna mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00c7erkesler, Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye denilen bir \u00fclkede o d\u00f6nem kendilerine yurt buldular. Sonra d\u00fcnyaya bir \u00e7ok yerine da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar ve \u015fimdi 50 \u00fclkede ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u00c7erkeslerin \u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde ya\u015f\u0131yor, yine sonras\u0131nda Suriye ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn geliyor. \u0130srail\u2019de iki Ad\u0131ge k\u00f6y\u00fc oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir, Ad\u0131ge dilini konu\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn sakinler bu \u00fclkede Ad\u0131ge dilinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015flar. \u00c7erkesler, T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn’de uzun s\u00fcredir ana dillerini \u00f6\u011frenme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulamad\u0131. Ad\u0131ge dili, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda kald\u0131. Yava\u015f yava\u015f Ad\u0131ge dilinin bilgisi azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Gen\u00e7lerin art\u0131k Ad\u0131ge dilini konu\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Son zamanlarda, T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00c7erkesler, Ad\u0131ge dilinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buluyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7erkeslerin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamandan bu yana I50 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Buna ra\u011fmen, anadillerini, geleneksel ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini korudular ve tarihi vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 unutmad\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu sadece hat\u0131rlamakla kalmad\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda vatanlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapt\u0131. Bu bak\u0131mdan, eski nesil kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkili oldu diyebiliriz, onlar bunu ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Bu nesil kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde \u00c7erkes dili g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131, ancak \u00c7erkesler di\u011fer halklar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiklik ge\u00e7irdi ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu asimile olup kayboldu – T\u00fcrkler, Araplar olarak. Bu bak\u0131mdan, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Arap\u00e7a, Ad\u0131ge’yi \u00e7ok etkiledi. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, kullan\u0131lan kelimelere dikkat edin. T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkesler, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’den \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nan bir\u00e7ok kelimeyi kullanmaktad\u0131r, t\u0131pk\u0131 arap \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkeslerin konu\u015fmas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, bir\u00e7ok Arap\u00e7a kelimeler vard\u0131r. \u0130ster istemez bir etkile\u015fim s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131ge diasporas\u0131 dilinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 B.M. Bersirov ve D.A. Tlebzu. atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yugoslavya ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn’de ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkeslerin konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Bu sadece ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 diyebiliriz. Bu konu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge diasporas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 leh\u00e7eleri konu\u015ftu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Buda dolas\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok soruyu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Edebi dili bilmeden birbirleriyle nas\u0131l ileti\u015fim kurarlar? Dilin yap\u0131s\u0131nda I50 y\u0131ldan beri ne gibi de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu? Tarihsel vatanda art\u0131k kullan\u0131lmayan hangi kelimeler kald\u0131? Hangi kelimeler dile girdi ve hangi neolojistler yarat\u0131ld\u0131? Ad\u0131ge dilinin, dilbilimci ve yazarlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi olmadan nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fledi\u011fini merak etmek gerekir. Her ne kadar diyalektik \u00f6zellikler korunmu\u015f olsa da, Ad\u0131ge diasporas\u0131n\u0131n dili, kullan\u0131lan kelimeler ve anlamlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, fonetik ve morfojenez alan\u0131ndaki tarihi anavatan\u0131n dilinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi kabul etmek gerekir. Nitekim yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu fakt\u00f6r g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de, Suriye’de ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn’de, farkl\u0131 leh\u00e7elerle ili\u015fkilendirilen Ad\u0131ge dilinin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fidi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yoruz, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kendi karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak di\u011fer halklarla ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131yla da temas halindeler. Bu nedenle as\u0131l g\u00f6revimiz kapsaml\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ve farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden metinler yazarak kelimeleri toplamal\u0131y\u0131z ve onlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelemeliyiz: Ad\u0131ge diasporas\u0131n\u0131n dilini incelemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu materyalin incelenmesi, analizi ve yorumlanmas\u0131 dilbilimcinin sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Ad\u0131ge dilinin tarihi i\u00e7in, diasporan\u0131n dili paha bi\u00e7ilmez bir mirast\u0131r ve dilde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin belirlenmesinde ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tek tek g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda fayda vaard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle, Ad\u0131ge dilbiliminin uzun bir yol kat etti\u011fi, ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmelidir, ancak \u00c7erkes diasporas\u0131n\u0131n dilini incelerken, tarihi vatan\u0131n dili ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilgin\u00e7 bir sonuca varabilece\u011finiz ve Ad\u0131ge dilinin izlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu yolun daha parlak ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmelidir. Bu konuya ek olarak \u015funu da belirtmekde fayda var, \u015fu anda \u00c7erkes diasporas\u0131 dilinin geli\u015fimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r ve \u00c7erkes dilinin yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bug\u00fcne kadar korunan ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kelimeleri \u00f6zellikle dikkate almak gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda, dilbilimciler etnograflar\u0131 belirlediler: etnografyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar\u0131 \u00fczerine bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. A\u00e7erdan Abregov
\n<\/strong>Rusya Federasyonu, Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti, Ad\u0131ge Devlet \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
\u0421\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0438\u044e\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b. \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043f, 1991.<\/li>\n
\u041a\u044a\u043e\u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d \u041c\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b\u043a\u04cf\u044d \u0438\u04cf\u044d\u043f\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0443 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u00bb \u0437\u044b\u0444\u0438\u04cf\u043e\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0443 \u0428\u044a\u0430\u0443\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0410\u0441\u043a\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u04cf\u044d\u043a\u04cf\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u043a\u04cf\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00d6zet Ad\u0131ge dilbilimi \u00e7ok yol kat etti. Mektubu dahi o d\u00f6nem bilmeyen \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in bir alfabe olu\u015fturuldu, ders kitaplar\u0131 okutuldu ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede okuryazarl\u0131k oraninda ciddi bir artis yasandi, \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda kademeli olarak Ad\u0131gece dilbilimi alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan bilim adamlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130lk Ad\u0131ge dilbilimci D.A Ashhamaf Adighe alfabesini olu\u015fturan N.F. Yakovlev, \u00c7erkes edebi dilinin … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,25],"tags":[75,86,67,88,74,65,66,73,68,72,95,92,87,94,69,90,89,70,71,93,91,76,55,78,63,56,60,61,84,82,77,80,58,83,81,62,79,57,64,59,85],"ppma_author":[241],"aioseo_notices":[],"authors":[{"term_id":241,"user_id":6,"is_guest":0,"slug":"abregacerdan","display_name":"\u0410\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"\u0410\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432","first_name":"\u0410\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1288"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1288"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1306,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1288\/revisions\/1306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1288"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/af20xx.bzexase.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}